CREATING File
CREATING
FILES
We can create files with generally 4 commands in centos7
1) cat
2) touch
3) vi
4) vim
1)
“cat ” command
It is used to create text file, It is also used to append (upgrade)
text files. Used to view the content of the file without opening it.
cat
> filename
|
To
create file with cat
|
cat
filename
|
To
view the file
|
cat>>
filename
|
Create
and edit file
|
2)
“touch” command
Used to create empty file. It can create multiple empty file at the
same time.
Command
|
Work
|
touch
f1
|
To create a empty file.
|
touch
f1 f2 f3
|
To create multiple empty
file
|
touch
/root/Documents/fs
|
To create file in
particular location.
|
touch /root/Desktop/file1 /root/mnt/file2
|
To create file in different
location same time.
|
touch
“kuldeep malviya”
|
To create single file with
space in name.
|
touch
.kuldeep
|
To create hidden file.
|
Creating Directory
Command = mkdir filename
1. Used to create directory
2. Can create multiple directory at same time
3. Can create a tree structure of directory
Command Name
|
Work
|
mkdir
filename
|
To
create folder at current location
|
mkdir
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
|
To
create multiple folder at current location
|
mkdir /mnt/folder
|
To
create folder at specified location
|
mkdir
{1..5} filename
|
To
create 5 folders at a time
|
mkdir
–p A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K
|
To
create tree structure (folder in folder)
|
du –sh
|
To
know the size of the particular location
|
pwd
|
To
know the location of particular folder
|
which
|
To
know the accsess file location of the particular command
|
man
|
Help
|
sudo
|
To
give the access to particular command to normal user
|
Copy and Move file and folders
cp command is used to copy
files and directory
·
mv command is used to move
file and folder
Command
|
Work
|
cp source destination
|
To copy file
|
cp –r source destination
|
To copy folder
|
cp –r source/* destination
|
To copy all data inside folder
|
cp source/name1
destination/ name2
|
To copy & rename
|
cp source/file1 destination%file2
|
To copy , Rename and hide file/folder
|
mv source destination
|
To cut (move) file /folder
|
mv file1 .file1
|
To hide existing file
|
mv file1 file2
|
To rename existing file
|
mv .file1 file1
|
To unhide file
|
Linux Directories
Directory
|
Use
|
/boot |
Contain booting file. |
/root
|
Home
directory of root user.
|
/home
|
Contain
the home directories of all user by default.
|
/etc
|
Contain
all configuration files.
|
/var
|
Contain
log messages.
|
/bin
|
Normal
commands execution directory.
|
/sbin
|
Administrative
commands execution directory.
|
/proc
|
Current
process.
|
/media
|
External
media device mount point (Graphically).
|
/mnt
|
Network
or local mount point (command line ).
|
/opt
|
3rd
party /software installation dir.
|
/usr
|
Entire
installation and own software’s installation dir.
|
/lost & Found
|
Recovery
directory (only available in the folder where any partition is mounted
).
|
/dev
|
Contains
the information of all hardware components.
|
/tmp
|
Contains
temporary files. Automatically delete the file which is not modified from
last 10 days.
|
/var/tmp
|
Contains
Temporary files. Automatically delete the file which is not modified from
last 30 days.
|
File Editor
1>
Vim
2>
Vi
Vi and vim are the file editor which can be used to create file or
edit existing files
- There
are 3 different modes in this editors
1) Command Mode – ( By default )
2) Insert Mode – ( Text editor ) – Press i to
get in insert mode
3) Execution Mode – (Exit editing for save
/unsaved exit )
Switching between vim editor’s modes
Command mode à To à Insert
mode = press “i” or “a”
Insert mode à To à Command mode = press “esc”
Command mode à To à
Execution mode = press “ shift + : ”
Execution mode à To à Command
mode = press “esc”
Command used in execution
mode
In command mode we can –
1) Copy à line , word , character
2) Cut/delete à line , word , character
3) Paste à line , word , character
4) Search à line , word , character
5) Undo / Redo
6) Replace
Commands for Line
·
To copy line = yy
·
To copy 3 line = 3yy
·
To copy n no of line = nyy
·
To paste line = p
·
To delete /cut line = dd
·
To delete n no of line = ndd
Commands for word
·
Copy word = yw
·
Copy n no. of word = nyw
·
Paste word = p
·
Delete word = dw
·
Delete n no. of word = 3dw
Commands used for character
·
Copy character = yl
·
Copy n no. of character = 3yl
·
Paste character = p
·
Delete character = dl
·
Delete n no. of character =
3dl
Other commands
·
To set numbers in the lines =
:set nu
·
To unset the line numbers =
:set nonu
·
To search any word = /word
name
·
To go to the end of all lines
( bottom ) = shift + G
·
To go to at the top in a slot
= ctrl + u
·
Commands used in execution
mode
·
To save file = :w
·
To quite the file ( without
save ) = :q
·
To save & quite = :wq
·
To save file forcefully = :w!
·
To quite file forcefully =
:q!
·
To replace any word in file =
:;%s/word name